Research the Development of Editing Technology.
Modern films are so precisely edited that appears to be one piece of film played as one even though it is many different pieces of film cut and edited together to create the finished film. Although much like everything else it didn't beging this way in the early days of film making, editing was rough and would be noticable and near to unwatchable for audiences of today.
Early Editing
Editing in the early days of film wasn't like editing today. The first public screening of a film in December 1895, 'Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory' by the Lumière brothers was fascinating to it's audience of the time because content didn't matter to them. Georges Méliès saw potential in what the Lumière brothers had presented and took it upon himself to use moving image in his performaces. As he was filming moving traffic his camera jammed, so that when he watched his back a bus was replaced with a hearse, creating the jump cut; later leading to the fade in/out, overlap dissolve, as well as stop motion. Méliès' work pushed the medium from single action shots to a narrative storytelling tool, although he never moved the camera it was stationary, giving the view that would be if the audience was to have the perfect seat in a theatre. Edwin S. Porter (head of production for Edison Production) was heavily influenced by Méliès.
Edwin S. Porter's 1903 film Life of an American Fireman is roughly 6 minutes long and created by Porter taking footage from the vast Edison library spliced and edited with staged shots to create a fictional narative. Porter was still in the tableau mentality when making this film. However in this film he used temporal overlaps, shots with overlapping actions to show the audience the same action from two different perspectives.
Moviola
Invented in 1924 by Iwan Serrurier, the Moviola is a machine that allowed film editors to view their work while working on it, making it more practical and a less time consuming task. the Moviola also allowed the editors to individually study each shot, thus allowing them to determine the best point to cut the shot more precisely. Few high-profile filmmakers still use the Moviola; Michael Kahn, received an Academy Award for his work on Steven Spielberg's Munich, which he used a Moviola to edit.
The vertical Moviolas were the standard in film editing in the US until the 1970s when horizontal flatbed editors became more popular, like the Steenbeck flatbed editor. Flatbed editors are made up of rolls and plates. Like the Moviola, flatbed editing machines allow the editors to view their work in progress, and when they find the perfect place they're able to mark on both the sound and image roll as to where to cut making the overall editing and film much more precise and accurate.
Linear Editing
Linear video editing is a post production process of selecting, arranging and modifying images and sound in an ordered sequence.
Non-Linear Editing
Non-linear editing allows access to any frame in a digital video clip regardless of the sequence of the the clip. The freedom of access to any frame allows for fades, transitions and other effects, that can't be achieved with linear editing, to be included easily.
Offline and Online Editing
Offline editing is a rought cut that is available to the director or producer for approval. This process is often done with relatively inexpensive equipment using low resolution copies of original footage. At this point of editing a number of changes are typically made.
Online editing is a post-production proces in the final stage of video productin. For the msot part, online editing has been repalced by video editing software that's operated on non-linear editing systems.
The Digital Era
As technology as a whole progresses it's given that the way video and audio is edited also progresses, the digital era is the beginning of modern technology taking its hold on the editing industry. The CMX-600 was a joint project between CBS and Memorex. The system stored the video on compure discs, this provided instant access to picture and sound, and the ability to make and see changes in real time. EditDroid was a computerised analogue non-linear editing (NLE) system, a laser disc based system that relies on laser disc players and a database system that queued clips in the most efficient way. Avid is a company that specialises in video and audio production, specifically digital non-linear editing. Created in 1987 and now Avid is used in the television and video industry.
Modern Editing Platforms
In today's modern society technology is now a focal point of nearly everything, so it's no surprise that editing technology has progressed even further since the digital era what is used today. Final Cut is a series of NLE software progrmas developed by Macromedia at first and later by Apple inc. The software allows users to log and transfer video onto a hard drive where it can be edited, processed and output to variety of formats, and used to create loved films like 500 Days of Summer and 300. Adobe Premiere Pro is a tiemline based software that supports high resolution editing, with 5.1 surround sound avaiable. In a professional market Premiere Pro has advantages of multiple sequence support, high bit-depth rendering, multicamera editing as well as others; which is probably why it was chosen to edit big Hollywood films like Avatar, Gone Girl and Deadpool.
Early Editing
Editing in the early days of film wasn't like editing today. The first public screening of a film in December 1895, 'Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory' by the Lumière brothers was fascinating to it's audience of the time because content didn't matter to them. Georges Méliès saw potential in what the Lumière brothers had presented and took it upon himself to use moving image in his performaces. As he was filming moving traffic his camera jammed, so that when he watched his back a bus was replaced with a hearse, creating the jump cut; later leading to the fade in/out, overlap dissolve, as well as stop motion. Méliès' work pushed the medium from single action shots to a narrative storytelling tool, although he never moved the camera it was stationary, giving the view that would be if the audience was to have the perfect seat in a theatre. Edwin S. Porter (head of production for Edison Production) was heavily influenced by Méliès.
Edwin S. Porter's 1903 film Life of an American Fireman is roughly 6 minutes long and created by Porter taking footage from the vast Edison library spliced and edited with staged shots to create a fictional narative. Porter was still in the tableau mentality when making this film. However in this film he used temporal overlaps, shots with overlapping actions to show the audience the same action from two different perspectives.
Moviola
Invented in 1924 by Iwan Serrurier, the Moviola is a machine that allowed film editors to view their work while working on it, making it more practical and a less time consuming task. the Moviola also allowed the editors to individually study each shot, thus allowing them to determine the best point to cut the shot more precisely. Few high-profile filmmakers still use the Moviola; Michael Kahn, received an Academy Award for his work on Steven Spielberg's Munich, which he used a Moviola to edit.The vertical Moviolas were the standard in film editing in the US until the 1970s when horizontal flatbed editors became more popular, like the Steenbeck flatbed editor. Flatbed editors are made up of rolls and plates. Like the Moviola, flatbed editing machines allow the editors to view their work in progress, and when they find the perfect place they're able to mark on both the sound and image roll as to where to cut making the overall editing and film much more precise and accurate.
Linear Editing
Linear video editing is a post production process of selecting, arranging and modifying images and sound in an ordered sequence.
Non-Linear Editing
Non-linear editing allows access to any frame in a digital video clip regardless of the sequence of the the clip. The freedom of access to any frame allows for fades, transitions and other effects, that can't be achieved with linear editing, to be included easily.
Offline editing is a rought cut that is available to the director or producer for approval. This process is often done with relatively inexpensive equipment using low resolution copies of original footage. At this point of editing a number of changes are typically made.
Online editing is a post-production proces in the final stage of video productin. For the msot part, online editing has been repalced by video editing software that's operated on non-linear editing systems.
The Digital Era
As technology as a whole progresses it's given that the way video and audio is edited also progresses, the digital era is the beginning of modern technology taking its hold on the editing industry. The CMX-600 was a joint project between CBS and Memorex. The system stored the video on compure discs, this provided instant access to picture and sound, and the ability to make and see changes in real time. EditDroid was a computerised analogue non-linear editing (NLE) system, a laser disc based system that relies on laser disc players and a database system that queued clips in the most efficient way. Avid is a company that specialises in video and audio production, specifically digital non-linear editing. Created in 1987 and now Avid is used in the television and video industry.Modern Editing Platforms
In today's modern society technology is now a focal point of nearly everything, so it's no surprise that editing technology has progressed even further since the digital era what is used today. Final Cut is a series of NLE software progrmas developed by Macromedia at first and later by Apple inc. The software allows users to log and transfer video onto a hard drive where it can be edited, processed and output to variety of formats, and used to create loved films like 500 Days of Summer and 300. Adobe Premiere Pro is a tiemline based software that supports high resolution editing, with 5.1 surround sound avaiable. In a professional market Premiere Pro has advantages of multiple sequence support, high bit-depth rendering, multicamera editing as well as others; which is probably why it was chosen to edit big Hollywood films like Avatar, Gone Girl and Deadpool.
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